Lund-Malmö

Creatinine-based equation for adults, developed in Sweden

Biomarkers
Creatinine
Validated for
18+ years
Inputs
Age, Sex, Creatinine
Reports
mL/min/1.73 m²
Published
2011

The eGFR guide explains which equation the calculator suggests and indexed and absolute GFR.

Formula

eGFR=eX−0.0158⋅age+0.438ln⁡(age) where X depends on sex and SCr threshold\text{eGFR} = e^{X - 0.0158 \cdot \text{age} + 0.438 \ln(\text{age})} \text{ where } X \text{ depends on sex and SCr threshold}

As text: eGFR = exp(X − 0.0158×age + 0.438×ln(age)); Female pCr<150: X=2.50+0.0121×(150−pCr); Female pCr≥150: X=2.50−0.926×ln(pCr/150); Male pCr<180: X=2.56+0.00968×(180−pCr); Male pCr≥180: X=2.56−0.926×ln(pCr/180) [pCr in µmol/L]

Constants

SymbolMeaningValue
XPiecewise base term (sex- and SCr-dependent)
Female, pCr<150 µmol/L: 2.50 + 0.0121×(150−pCr)
Female, pCr≥150 µmol/L: 2.50 − 0.926×ln(pCr/150)
Male, pCr<180 µmol/L: 2.56 + 0.00968×(180−pCr)
Male, pCr≥180 µmol/L: 2.56 − 0.926×ln(pCr/180)
−0.0158Linear age coefficient
0.438Logarithmic age coefficient
ScrS_{cr}Serum creatinine (converted to µmol/L internally: ×88.4) (input)mg/dL
AgePatient age (input)years

How it was developed

This 2011 revision of the Lund-Malmö equation was developed by linear regression in the same cohort as the original: 850 consecutive adults (376 women; aged 18–95 years) referred for GFR measurement to Lund and Malmö University Hospitals, Sweden. GFR was measured as plasma iohexol clearance, adjusted to 1.73 m² body surface area.

Clinical notes

  • Implements LM Revised, the version without lean body mass
  • Built on IDMS-traceable enzymatic and modified Jaffe creatinine assays

Limitations

  • Not validated in ethnicities other than Caucasian
  • Development excluded dialysis and conditions causing marked muscle wasting
  • Overestimates GFR at BMI below 20 kg/m², most in men

References

  1. Björk J, Grubb A, Sterner G, Nyman U. Revised equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate based on the Lund-Malmö Study cohort. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2011;71(3):232-239. doi:10.3109/00365513.2011.557086
  2. Nyman U, Grubb A, Larsson A, et al. The revised Lund-Malmö GFR estimating equation outperforms MDRD and CKD-EPI across GFR, age and BMI intervals in a large Swedish population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014;52(6):815-824. doi:10.1515/cclm-2013-0741

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